![]() ![]() And because she's a lady that's known for kicking a whole lot of ass, it just makes far more sense to send her careening violently into space pirates and planetary bugs. Most importantly, Samus works far better in the role as a pinball than Mario ever could because she already spends half her existence in sphere form. As great as the game looks, it sounds even better with its fantastic music mixer that blends rocking Metroid music and environmental sounds during the action. There are even some stunning effects, like rain environments and water reflections, and the action never chugs, even when the table throws six Samus balls at the player at high speed. Everything, from the table layout to the Samus ball to the enemy creatures, is prerendered, but the action flows incredibly smoothly with a fantastic physics engine driving the pinball around the environments. Visually, Metroid Prime Pinball is a great looking title that sticks with 2D effects to drive the imagery. But it's creative and it works well for pinball, and short of including a motion sensor in the cartridge, it's the best and most intuitive way we've seen nudge control employed in video pinball. It does take a little practice since players will have to use the shoulder button flippers in order to fully take advantage of touch nudging. Players can nudge the table in any direction simply by resting the thumb on the touch panel and "pushing" the machine. The touch screen is used in a very clever way that could (and probably will) be lifted for future DS pinball games. It's a minor quibble, and it's something that the player needs to adjust to during the action. This only happens occasionally, but it does cause some confusion when the ball disappears from view. This helps with the timing for when the ball leaves one screen and enters another, but it does affect visibility when the ball is lazily rolling around in the middle out of the player's sight. The only downside is the "Dead Zone" between the two screens the tables are laid out as if the gap in the middle is some of the table that just isn't seen. But because the additional DS screen extends the game tables vertically, the developers have created a handheld pinball game that feels much more like real pinball, with far more screen real estate and a view that mimics players looking down at a pinball machine. Like Mario Pinball Land, the pinball tables are confined and do not scroll, which makes it a lot easier to aim for targets from the bottom of the screen to the top. All this comes through in a unique display that spans both of the Nintendo DS screens as one single screen. And one multi-ball challenge requires players to hit colored targets that can only be scored with the same colored ball. There are plenty of challenges where players must target familiar Metroid Prime enemies wandering around the environment, or even wall jump against the back glass to grab a hovering target. But because this is pinball in a virtual sense, the designers throw a lot of fun elements that can't exist in real pinball. Fuse Games took several environments from the Metroid Prime universe and condensed them down into traditional pinball table designs chock full of targets, bumpers, spinners, ramps pretty much every pinball gimmick that's been explored in the arcade is at work in some fashion in Metroid Prime Pinball, right down to multi-ball challenges that can throw, literally, a half dozen balls at the player. Metroid Prime Pinball is one of those unique times where the title tells you exactly what it is: Metroid Prime, but in pinball form. It's some of the finest handheld pinball action ever developed, and pushes the DS platform in clever ways. Metroid Prime Pinball may, on the surface, seem like a cheesy spin-off, but it's a concept that works and works well on the Nintendo DS system. This time, though, the system's the much more powerful Nintendo DS platform, and the team's been given a much more pinball friendly universe to explore. Even with the critical and commercial problems of the team's first portable pinball game, Fuse Games was put to the task of utilizing the team's pinball expertise on a second portable design.
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![]() ![]() The forces of Edward de Bruce captured the town in 1315 and the castle in 1316 before his death in battle in 1318. De Lacy eventually regained his title of Earl of Ulster in 1227, however the castle and its walled town were captured several more times following his death (in 1242). De Lacy was relieved of his command of the town in 1210, when King John himself arrived and placed the castle under royal authority. It was at this time that he established the nearby St Nicholas' Church. De Lacy oversaw the final construction of the castle, which included the gatehouse, drum towers and outer ward. Sometime between 12, De Courcy was expelled from Ulster by Hugh de Lacy, as authorised by King John. The castle, which is the most prominent landmark of Carrickfergus, is widely known as one of the best-preserved Norman castles in Ireland. Ĭarrickfergus became an inhabited town shortly after 1170, when Anglo-Norman knight John de Courcy invaded Ulster, established his headquarters in the area and built Carrickfergus Castle on the "rock of Fergus" in 1177. Archaeological excavations close to the walls' foundations have yielded many artefacts that have helped historians piece together a picture of the lives of the 12th and 13th century inhabitants. Segments of the town wall are still visible in various parts of the town and in various states of preservation. The historical walled town originally occupied an area of around 97,000 square metres, which now comprises the town centre, bordered by Albert Road to the west, the Marine Highway to the south, Shaftesbury Park to the north and Joymount Presbyterian Church grounds to the east. Carrickfergus and the surrounding area was, for a time, treated as a separate county. Belfast Lough itself was known as 'Carrickfergus Bay' well into the 17th century. Īs an urban settlement, Carrickfergus far pre-dates the capital city Belfast and was for a lengthy period both larger and more prominent than the nearby city. According to one tale, his ship ran aground on a rock by the shore, which became known as "Carraig Fhearghais" – the rock of Fergus. The town is said to take its name from Fergus Mór (Fergus the Great), the legendary king of Dál Riata. History Ĭastle and dock of Carrickfergus in 1830 Middle Ages It is also a townland of 65 acres, a civil parish and a barony. Carrickfergus was the administrative centre for Carrickfergus Borough Council, before this was amalgamated into the Mid and East Antrim District Council in 2015, and forms part of the Belfast Metropolitan Area. After the earldom's collapse, it remained the only English outpost in Ulster for the next four centuries. Carrickfergus Castle, built in the late 12th century at the behest of Anglo-Norman knight John de Courcy, was the capital of the Earldom of Ulster. It is County Antrim's oldest town and one of the oldest towns in Ireland as a whole. The town had a population of 27,998 at the 2011 Census. It sits on the north shore of Belfast Lough, 11 miles (18 km) from Belfast. ![]() I used to actually make this recipe in the slow cooker when Tyson made raw chicken tenders. You all have loved this recipe so much since I posted it originally in 2015, I made a Q&A section of the most popular questions I was asked: Orange Chicken Recipe For Crockpot/Slow Cooker? Panda Express Orange Chicken (Copycat) Panda Express Orange Chicken with tender chicken thighs fried crisp and tossed in a magical perfect-copycat sauce! Add in the fried chicken and stir until completely coated in the sauce.Continue to cook the sauce until maple syrup consistency is achieved.Add the cornstarch and water together and whisk to combine.Add in the vinegar and soy sauce, and stir to combine.Add in the orange juice and allow the sugars to begin to dissolve in the liquid, stirring occasionally.Add the sugar and brown sugar, and stir to combine.Once the oil begins to shimmer, add the red pepper flakes, ginger, and garlic, and cook for 30 seconds, stirring constantly.Set a heavy bottomed pot over medium- high heat and add the oil.Remove the chicken from the pan and transfer to a paper towel-lined plate.Gently add the chicken and cook for 5-6 minutes until lightly golden brown.Heat oil in a wok or heavy bottom pan to 350˚F (180˚C). ![]() Add the chicken to the batter and refrigerate at least 30 minutes.Add the egg, water, and oil until it reaches the consistency of pancake batter. ![]()
![]() We also found out how to remove the full version of REFOG Keylogger, which turns out to be quite easy. REFOG Free Keylogger doesn’t show an uninstall entry and the main program folder is hidden (marked as a system folder) in the SysWOW64 folder on 64-bit systems. These options can be changed along with adding a password/keyword to open the program. By default, you can open the interface by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Alt+K or typing “Runrefog” into the Run dialog. Two processes appear in Task Manager, one cannot be permanently killed but if you kill the other, keylogging will stop. It obviously misses some of the paid options but it can still monitor keystrokes (not in Windows 10 UWP apps), visited websites, the clipboard, files/programs/activities and Skype messaging.Ī tray/desktop icon is offered during install but fortunately, you can turn the option off. We are looking at the last freeware version that comes from 2014. REFOG Free Keylogger is now discontinued, no longer supported and not available to download on the REFOG website. ![]() It can also be set to automatically uninstall on a scheduled date. To uninstall the program go to Settings > General > Uninstall. These include monitor scheduling, limit monitoring by user or application, web content filtering (with exclusions), website block or allow lists, application blocking and time limits for web access. There’s a number of other potentially valuable features in Best Free Keylogger Lite. A process is visible in Task Manager but its name is obscure enough to go unnoticed by many users. There are no entries in the Start Menu or the installed programs list, the program folder is hidden and there is no tray icon or desktop shortcut. Click Load Report to populate the window with activity. The default key combination is Ctrl+Shift+Alt+K or type “unhide” into the Run dialog. The other premium features not available are report delivery and premium support.ĭuring install, you will be reminded to add an antivirus exclusion and asked to set a security password. A limitation of the free version is only 10 screenshots can be created per day. The feature set is quite impressive and it has all the standard logging functions for keystrokes, the clipboard, application activity, visited websites and screenshots. In our opinion, this is one of the best free keylogging program around at the moment, so Best Free Keylogger Lite lives up to its name. The process is visible in Task Manager and the install folder is not hidden. In the free version, you also have access to a desktop shortcut, start menu entry, installed program entry, and a tray icon. This software is a useful option if you have no interest in concealing the keylogger. ![]() To launch the Spyrix application, use either a hotkey (Ctrl+Alt+A) or run command (runkey). Despite this, the software does not possess advanced features like social network & IM capture, visited webpage logging, webcam snapshots, sound recording, and alerts. It can capture keystrokes, clipboard text, and even take screenshots. The Spyrix Free Keylogger is the free version of the paid Spyrix Personal Monitor. All programs were tested in Windows 10 64-bit. In addition to keylogging and features, we’ve also taken into account the ability of the keylogger to hide itself from the average user to prevent detection or tampering. After testing several free keyloggers, we’ve picked what we thought were the best and sorted them into a top 10. Free keyloggers are often more limited in functionality and stealthiness. There are many software keyloggers around, some are freeware while others require a paid license to use. However, it can also be used for illegal or unethical purposes such as stealing passwords, reading private data and etc. Or maybe even monitoring an employee making sure that they do not copy or leak out any confidential files. There are many legitimate uses for a keylogger such as monitoring your children, making sure that they stay safe on the Internet especially when chatting and making friends with strangers. They’ll have to depend on security software like anti-keyloggers or antivirus packages to tell them that a keylogger is present on the system, or else they will have no idea that things they do on the computer are being monitored. A software keylogger can be run in the background and not get noticed by average users. A keylogger can be either a piece of software or a hardware device that can capture the keystrokes typed on the computer’s keyboard. Reason 12.6.0 Crack Full Torrents File Free Download Now Mixture and master by using a software gaming system modeled on the classic are worth a huge amount of money. Put in an electric guitar, or vocal MIDI synthesizer, or record a complete band. Create tracks in Reason using the included synthesizers, samplers, music loop players, and percussion machines. The creators of the reason why program provides users with a six-channel mixing machine, samplers, synthesizers, drum machine, and music loops, as well as a huge sound lender. Additionally, it is possible to track record your own audio tracks input, keep occurrences in the clip while editing and enhancing, automatically color monitors and stations, reduce cable chaos, and automatically group devices and songs. ![]() It is the music-making software that can help you create, collaborate and find out with music artists worldwide. The application form also has an instrument for creating your drum examples, as well as an intensive mixing machine and editor of ready does sound. It is an enormous, online “wardrobe” of modules, where you can control every audio parameter that involves the mind. You won’t ever go out of creative options with Reason’s huge collection of musical instruments and effects. This does mean that you should stay away from it with a vintage computer, as certain problems might happen. They have all the various tools (instruments, results, modules) that grow to be necessary for documenting, composing, and combining various sounds. Reason Crack is a great and very powerful complex, virtual tracking studio used to set up music on the computer. ![]() Download Setup Reason 12.6.0 Crack Mac File is Here Initially, you need to carefully evaluate the composition, as well as the timing of the formation of the debt, and then find out if several types of debt, in which there are significant differences in the timing of occurrence, were combined in one article. Since recently the lack of payments has become mass, while a significant part of receivables is overdue, and a certain part of it is that debt that is unlikely to be collected or will not be paid at all, we can say that in fact, customer debt increased in the current balance precisely because of too low payment discipline, and not because the business activity of the company increased. The possibility of overstatement due to accounts receivable, which is illiquid.If a general balance sheet liquidity indicator (formula) is used, it is rather difficult to predict any future payments or cash receipts, which is the main task of analyzing the company's current solvency. ![]() In this regard, all sorts of “dead” items, such as illiquid stocks of various inventories, may be included in the composition of assets. Static The obtained indicators are calculated based on the balance sheet data, which show the property status of the company according to its condition at a certain date, as a result of which they are simultaneous.In this regard, a detailed analysis of their dynamics at different time periods is required.The general indicator of balance sheet liquidity (formula) has several disadvantages, namely: The practice of domestic and foreign companies showed that if a company has a coefficient value of more than two, then for industrial enterprises this is more likely an exception to the rule, because there are many reasons from which it is worth highlighting the main one for domestic companies - this is a lack of equity, as well as the need in the direction of the resulting net profit directly to the needs of consumption. But the main advantage that a common liquidity indicator (formula) has is the ease of calculation, and not some kind of universality or comprehensiveness, which they often try to attribute to it. Of course, today this ratio is used most often. The general liquidity indicator, the calculation formula of which can be used at any time periods, has a somewhat exaggerated influence on the assessment of a company's ability to meet its obligations, and especially not the most optimal decision to use it as the main criterion for a potential bankruptcy of the company (other characteristics are its derivatives). Speaking from the point of view of the performance of a particular enterprise, a significant accumulation of reserves, as well as additional diversion of funds into accounts receivable, is often due to the fact that the company has inept asset management. Lenders consider such a formation own working capital most relevant. It is believed that when the overall liquidity ratio of a company is below 2: 1, then in this case it does not have the ability to fully repay all obligations it has on time.Ī significant excess of assets over liabilities (which is an extremely rare situation for domestic enterprises) suggests that the company has a fairly large number of free resources that it generates from its sources. In particular, it is worth noting that due to various reasons, including the significant proportion of all kinds of hard-to-sell assets, as well as the duration of the operating cycle of various construction or industrial enterprises, it is necessary to provide a higher coefficient compared to the value that is acceptable for enterprises operating in the areas of supply, trade and marketing. Of course, the general indicator of liquidity will vary depending on the specific field of activity of the enterprise. It is quite difficult to justify the acceptable indicator. ![]() The higher the overall liquidity indicator, the more confidence there will be that it will be able to repay all of the company's obligations at the expense of those assets that are available to it. Thus, it is possible to determine how much current assets of the organization are able to cover any Short-term liabilities. ![]() General liquidity ratio or total liquidity ratio - this is the ratio of current assets of the company to its short-term liabilities. ![]() * Easy-to-use interface What's New in Version 1. * Save, print or email time sheet reports RoboTask (Tomal) Reduces the stress of launching applications or checking websites in pre-scheduled manner. * Make manual timesheet entries for times you work away from your computer To make best use of computer resources FlexiHub is a must have software for mid to large scale. * Create your own easy to follow task structures of projects and sub-tasks * Optionally start timing automatically when your computer becomes active * Start and stop timing with the push of a button Later create full timesheet reports including a break down of what projects you worked on, or just as easily create invoices to bill customers and clients for your time, making Hourguard time logging software ideal for freelancers and other professionals who bill by the hour. Simply click start and stop accordingly, breaking your projects down into sub-tasks as needed, with HourGuard running quietly in the background as you work. I did see some negative comments on a forum from a user who didn't figure out how to turn off the automated start feature, but honestly, it's easy to switch off and I'm sure NCH support staff would have responded.HourGuard Free is an easy timesheet and time recording software. I can't really comment much on support as I honestly haven't needed any. ![]() I'm usually hesitant to use software that runs constantly in the background, ever aware of incompatibility issues and the problems of insufficient memory, but I've experienced none at all with HourGuard. Now I start, stop and select tasks myself and it takes just seconds at the start and end of each task to ensure an accurate record is produced at the end of each period showing number of sessions on each task, time spent, and cost (at hourly rates I input individually for each client or project). It just took a little exploring to find where to turn it off. Some users might appreciate that automation. ![]() Initially, it took some figuring how to stop it switching on automatically when I started my computer and how to stop it automatically resuming a task after a break. HourGuard is great for freelancers and professionals who bill by the hour and to print or email timesheets or invoice for time spent. I could have opted to spend a little extra on Express Invoicing and have HourGuard send data to produce a perfectly formatted invoice with full details of time charged for, but I opted to create my invoices manually in Express Accounts instead, as I only work part-time and don't have a high volume of invoices to generate. HourGuard makes it easy to track work hours with its simple-to-use interface. HourGuard Time Sheet is a time tracking tool designed to log time on customer projects. Specify the date range, and there it is! A detailed analysis of how my time was allocated between jobs. in the skies 2 theme song george lam download google, Shooting star hang on. Click Start when you begin work, and Stop when you finishthe time tracking software does the rest for you, generating time sheets and even creating invoices for you. Simply click start and stop accordingly as you work on tasks and later create reports and invoices. I can select to report all time spent for a selected client, or just time spent on a task, or a global report that covers all time allocation. Btcv woodlands a practical handbook for boyfriends, Manamana software piracy. HourGuard makes it easy to track work hours with its simple-to-use interface. HourGuard Timesheet Software Free 1.53 Download Now Direct link HourGuard Free is an easy to use timesheet and time recording software that is ideal for freelancers and professionals who bill by the hour. ![]() At the end of a period, I ask HourGuard to produce a report. I can stop and start as many times during the day as necessary, stopping or switching tasks when I answer the phone, stopping for breaks, etc. It lets me set up clients, base tasks and sub-tasks and accurately track the time spent working on each simply by clicking ''Start'' when I begin work on a task and ''Stop'' when I'm done. It took exactly one day of the free trial to decide I couldn't live without it. When I came across the NCH Software website, I was quickly tempted by the promotional text and low price of HourGuard TimeSheet Software. I've tried a diary, desk calendar and simple notepad. In a service business, tracking time spent on various client projects can be extremely tedious. Comments: It makes time tracking amazingly easy, and gives me total confidence that I'm charging accurately for work done. ![]() Other features missing from the Xbox 360 version include a replay save feature and a PES shop. The ability to not only read a pass, but to be one step ahead and to know what is needed to gain yards on an encroaching defender. First touch and sublime control are what set certain players apart from others. However, the Xbox 360 version is missing a few features, such as cooperative play, the PES shop, a replay save feature, and some minor settings, such as the ability to create players, rename leagues, edit kits, team names, boots, and player appearances, and you cannot swap kit combinations. Download now Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 centers everything on the ball including how it moves and how players use it. The traditional broadcast, tower, and bird’s-eye view cameras, as well as cups, leagues, and master leagues, are all present and accounted for.ĭue to the fact that the PC version is a conversion of the PS2 engine, the Xbox 360 version is the only one that has high-definition graphics and more animations than the PC version. Having said that, it all brings us one step closer to reality, despite the fact that it removes part of the reality factor from other aspects. This game is developed by and published by Konami. The moves are a lot more realistic, and the goalkeepers don’t always have an easy time catching the ball occasionally even the simple ones get away from them. Pro Evolution Soccer 2012 ps2 is a sports video game for PlayStation 2. ![]() It is more difficult to get away with fouls than in the game before, but players must now turn much more slowly unless they are proficient in the technique. The controls are the same, but the motions and strategies have altered, which is something that typically happens when moving from one game to another. The game fervidity a modified version of the new Fox Engine. Nevertheless, despite the names, the players are accurate for example, Chelsea does have Ballack and Schevchenko, while Real Madrid now has Van Nistelrooy, who once played for Manchester United. Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 PS2 ISO is an organization football video game made and expose from Konami. Some of the newer clubs were given their appropriate names (such as Manchester United instead of Man Red), while other clubs have dropped their original identities (such as Chelsea which is now once again London FC). Pro Evolution Soccer 6 makes its debut during the 2006–2007 season, complete with the most recent club and international player transfers. On occasion, updates are made to some variables. The codebook structure was developed iteratively by reaching a consensus on the analysis of shared transcripts to create an all-encompassing set of codes, with definitions, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and exemplar text from the transcripts. For any published analysis using downloadable CHS data, please reference the URL of this webpage, the CHS year(s) analyzed and the date on which the dataset was downloaded (suggested citation below).The codebook may include a dataset’s record layout, list of variable names and labels, concepts, categories, cases, missing value codes, frequency counts, notes, universe statements, and so on. Before analyzing the data below, read our analytic considerations. A codebook is an essential document that informs the data user about the study, data file (s), variables, categories, etc., that make up a complete dataset.Please complete the EPI data request form to request more information on multi-year survey weights. Survey data from 2009 and after cannot be combined with earlier years. This may include explanations on meaning, numerical values, range, units of measurement, sources (of for example questionnaires), classification schemes used, and/or labels of questions asked. Multi-year weights are only available for data years 2002-2008, and for select two-, three- and five-year combinations from 2009-2020. A codebook explains all the concepts and/or variables that are present in the datafiles. If an analysis requires the combination of multiple years of data, a multi-year weight is needed.The Health Department's suggested guidelines for CHS data reliability (PDF) incorporate relative standard error (RSE), confidence interval width, and sample size. Organizations have various guidelines for when an estimate should be considered unreliable. Some conditions may be rare or the sample sizes for some populations quite small, making CHS estimates potentially unreliable.A question matrix (PDF) shows which topics are available each year.Code in SAS without SUDAAN (SAS), as well as code in R (R), are also available. Codebook development Codebook development was a top-down/bottom-up process. Annotated sample code for analysis using SAS and SUDAAN is provided for each year below. The sample selection process is summarised in figure 1. Due to the complex sampling design of the CHS, data must be analyzed in a software program capable of handling complex survey data (such as SUDAAN or STATA).For more information on the CHS, visit our Methodology page.īefore downloading any datasets, review the following information: (See Dat files in this collection).Datasets are available on this page for each year of the Community Health Survey (CHS). The data are available line by line (one line per case) in a "dat" format. The total number of cases in this 1% sample is over 11 million. Sample universe: ANES 2016 web and face-to-face post-election respondents Sample composition: ANES 2016. The data-set on the China Archive consists of separate 1% samples for each of China's three municipalities (Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin) and provinces and autonomous areas. Methodology File User Guide and Codebook. The codebook lists all the data cleaning tasks that you wish to. This is the 1% 1990 China Census data-set now residing in the China Archives collection. Complete template: After this, you can simply fill out the template, which creates the codebook. This code simply describes that the sentence involves pigeons. The China Population and Information Research Center subsequently released a 1% Sample of the individual questionnaires from the 1990 Census. For example, in the sentence: Pigeons attacked me and stole my sandwich. An example for an elaborated naming convention is the naming convention of. The main source of data from the 1990 census is: Population Census Office under the State Council 1991, Major Figures of the Fourth National Population Census of China, Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House. Codebooks are an inevitable component of data documentation and data sharing. # of persons in HH # of births in HH in 1989 # of deaths in HH in 1989 # of registered persons absent from the HH, and the name and sex. The 1990 census questionnaire contained some 19 items (see the Codebook in this collection), including the following: name relationship sex age nationality (self id) registration status for persons 6 years +: education for persons age 15 years +: industry occupation "nonworking" person status marital status residence in 1985 for women aged 15-64: # children ever born # children surviving for women aged 15-49: birth and birth order in 1989 household items: HH type (domestic or collective) HH serial No. More than 1.1 billion persons were counted in the 1990 census. DescriptionOn July 1, 1990, the People's Republic of China conducted the country's 4th national census. ![]() A physical distance does not depend on the length of each base vector of the coordinate system where the base vector length corresponds to the physical distance unit in use. ![]() It may be regarded as the product of the number and the unit (e.g., 1 km as a physical distance is the same as 1,000 m). Like other physical quantities, a physical quantity of scalar is also typically expressed by a numerical value and a physical unit, not merely a number, to provide its physical meaning. Since scalars mostly may be treated as special cases of multi-dimensional quantities such as vectors and tensors, physical scalar fields might be regarded as a special case of more general fields, like vector fields, spinor fields, and tensor fields. Since a field is a vector space with addition defined based on vector addition and multiplication defined as scalar multiplication, the mass is also a mathematical scalar. The mass of an object is unaffected by a change of vector space basis so it is also a physical scalar, described by a real number as an element of the real number field. Since the inner product is independent of any vector space basis, the electric field magnitude is also physically a scalar. As the vector space in this example and usual cases in physics is defined over the mathematical field of real numbers or complex numbers, the magnitude is also an element of the field, so it is mathematically a scalar. For example, the magnitude (or length) of an electric field vector is calculated as the square root of its absolute square (the inner product of the electric field with itself) so, the inner product's result is an element of the mathematical field for the vector space in which the electric field is described. ![]() Relationship with the mathematical concept Ī scalar in physics is also a scalar in mathematics, as an element of a mathematical field used to define a vector space. The term "scalar" has origin in the multiplication of vectors by a unitless scalar, which is a uniform scaling transformation. In classical physics, like Newtonian mechanics, rotations and reflections preserve scalars, while in relativity, Lorentz transformations or space-time translations preserve scalars. Ī change of a vector space basis changes the description of a vector in terms of the basis used but does not change the vector itself, while a scalar has nothing to do with this change. Scalars are often accompanied by units of measurement, as in "10 cm".Įxamples of scalar quantities are mass, distance, charge, volume, time, speed, and the magnitude of physical vectors in general (such as velocity). In physics, scalars (or scalar quantities) are physical quantities that are unaffected by changes to a vector space basis (i.e., a coordinate system transformation). |